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KEN CHITWOOD

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“The person who knows only one religion, knows none”
— Max Müller

Unpacking Tough Religious Words: An interview with authors Heather Choate Davis and Leann Luchinger

December 3, 2014

The church has a language problem. 

No, it isn’t because pastors are swearing from the pulpit. The issue here is with words that life long Christians may understand, but many in the unchurched, dechurched, or in-church-but-checked-out culture don’t. Indeed, whether it’s mystification, misunderstanding, or miscommunication, many of us struggle to communicate the good news of the Gospel in our preaching, teaching, and evangelism.

Heather Choate Davis and Leann Luchinger, in their new book Loaded Words: Freeing 12 Hard Bible Words from their Baggage, pay us all a favor by detangling religious words that are difficult for to understand. 

Unpacking words like “repent” and “religion,” the authors help restore truth where popular opinion and perception have threatened righteous reality. We might take their cue and try unloading emotion-laden and negatively charged words that our communities, friends, or family may simply not like to hear, or misunderstand when they do. 

The book is available exclusively on Amazon as an e-book or paperback. Having already spoke at congregations in Washington, the authorial pair will be speaking in the Phoenix area in February and headed to New York in the near future. Check out their website for more information on booking them for your church or organization. 

For now, let’s unpack Loaded Words a bit with an in-depth interview with Davis and Luchinger. 

  • How can this book help the local church? 

Davis: With so many outside influences jockeying to define Christianity and its message—and not always thoughtfully or accurately—we’re not just talking about a knowledge gap that needs filling, but a vigorous and intentional reclaiming of original meaning. We hope that pastors will welcome the help with some of this much-needed translation work—both exegetical and cultural—of words that people both inside and outside of the church no longer know the true meaning of anymore.

Luchinger: To paraphrase from the back cover of the book “no one wants to be part of an old mean-sounding religion.” Loaded Words gives “seasoned” believers a new way to think about how to share, and even some words and concepts to use for themselves. For newer believers, Loaded Words can help them unpack some difficult concepts.

  • My favorite chapter was “WORDS,” specifically this line: “We live in an era that is reliant on words, but our words are no longer reliable.” Unpack this for us…

Davis: We’ve essentially bankrupted the notion of a man’s word as “sacred.” Thoughtful people of all traditions recognize that this is no way to live. In the wildly popular Toltec spiritual treatise The Four Agreements, the first is “Be impeccable with your word.” Notice the choice of the word impeccable, which shares the Latin root pecco with the word sin. 

Luchinger: Semantic change/shift/drift is the more technical way to describe a word that has completely changed it’s meaning from the original definition and use. In the culture we batter words around, using, misusing, and misappropriating them because of coolness factors, or desire to have something (at least the same title) that other people have. If being “bad” is suddenly good, well then call me “bad” – or so it seems. Church words, unfortunately, seem to move in the opposite way – from good to bad. And sadly, it is the words of Christians themselves that, many times, do the most damage. These words that are meant to have a depth of meaning and emotion, offers of explanation and grace, are losing their definitions. Semantically shifting in the wrong direction. We Christians have to reclaim the Christian conversation, the Christian words, the expressions of our faith. 

  • Which was your favorite chapter? Why? 

Davis: Ultimately, my favorite chapter is whichever one presents the teachings of Jesus in such a way that someone puts down the book and goes, “Ohhhhhh.” 

Author Heather Choate Davis shares how, "[w]e are all bombarded with words/messages from culture" and some of them need unpacking and reloading. 

But, I am also fond of some of the big picture thinking put forth in the chapter on “Satan.” We use a famous scene from the movie The Devil Wears Prada to tap into the idea of “this stuff,” and how we actually need to take “this stuff” — both Jesus and His adversary— seriously. We note how ironic it is that the culture embraces psychics and tarot card readings and all forms of skull paraphernalia, but if you tell them that Satan is real they’ll just howl with laughter. I think this chapter gives people some serious food for thought about “this stuff.”

Luchinger: Given the current state of the “Church,” I think this word could be particularly helpful for two reasons: 1) those inside the church could perhaps use an attitude adjustment about what it means to be God’s gathered people. A family, filled with flawed souls, with plank-filled eyes, with pain and distress, and bad days – just like the people who share our sir names; 2) for those inside and outside the church it is a reminder that we don’t need four perfect walls to be a church. We can worship in buildings and homes, in coffee shop churches and college dorms – it is the Word and Sacraments, the body of believers, the gathering of people that make the church – not the bricks and mortar.

  • Explain the way you use pop-culture references in the book…

Davis: We are all bombarded with words/messages from culture. Even if a pastor knocks it out of the park on Sunday, that brief message will likely have been drowned out in a day or two by news, work, social media, noisy children, and a thousand competing interests. The teachings of Jesus are simply not the dominant voice in the culture, but we know that He is present in all ways, in all settings, at all times through His Word and His people. To me it all comes down to the lesson of Pentecost, “that each one heard them speaking in the native language of each.” If pop culture is the native language of many people today, then we who seek to connect need to speak in their native tongue. If referencing Family Guy, Game of Thrones, or Fifty Shades of Grey, helps people understand the message of grace in a new way this does not diminish the Gospel, but rather, makes good on its purpose. 

  • Wittgenstein, the famous philosophic proponent of language-game theory, argued that varying types and forms of language have different rules, which in turn determine what is meaningful. Outside of a language game a proposition or word meaning is meaningless. Wittgenstein proposed that the meaning of a word depends on its content and the rules of that context. Thus, for Wittgenstein, religious language is confessional, something that someone believes or feels, rather than consisting of claims to truth. Comment on this in light of your work…

Luchinger: I would love to understand where Wittgenstein draws the line between feeling and truth. It appears, based on your description, that feelings have no bearing on truth. Thus love, for him, could not exist because it is a feeling. It reminds me a bit of Lois Lowry’s book The Giver. In this utopian society, feelings were of no use – precision in language was modeled, practiced, and expected. The Giver, the wisest man in this society, bore the burden of holding all historic memories that might cause emotion – protecting the people it would seem, from disruptive truths. Predictably, this utopian notion eventually fell apart. As the saying goes, “better to have loved and lost, than never to have loved at all.” Emotions give truth its vigor.

  • What words did you consider and not include? Any that you thought of later or have been told you should have included? 

Davis: People kept saying “spiritual,” but I was always adamant that spiritual is not a loaded word. Spiritual is a softball word that we’ve come to use in the culture to mean we aren’t opposed to the idea of some sort of supernatural power, and it could be God, and yes, we would certainly want him on our side if it came to that, but we don’t believe we should define it too rigidly, and we don’t really practice or pursue it in any significant way. No one cringes when you use the word spiritual, which is why people use it. When we talked to pastors early on they all assumed we were going to write about words like “sanctification” and “justification” but those aren’t loaded words either. No one in the culture has any idea what those words are so they certainly don’t cause them any grief or confusion. 

  • Give me an example of how you unload words in daily life…

Leann Luchinger reflects that, "We Christians have to reclaim the Christian conversation, the Christian words, the expressions of our faith."

Davis: The Loaded Word that I unpack for people most often is Sin, because that’s what I did my thesis on. On Homo Incurvatus in Se—Man Turned in on Himself—as and entry point for the discussion of sin in the 21st Century. When I speak on the subject, I use my hands a lot to describe how we get when we are turned in on ourselves and how this connects to our modern day enslavements—anxiety, depression, a disordered relationship to technology, a broken sense of vocation/purpose. I can see people in the audience physically mirroring what I’m doing, and so I know the ideas are really resonating with them in a profound way. Icktank Press is actually publishing the thesis work now so it can be more readily available to people. Man Turned in on Himself: Understanding Sin in the 21st Century will be out by the first of the year. 

Luchinger: I recently spoke for a mom’s group and connected the time and care we put into teaching our children about our favorite sports teams to the time and care we need to give to their Christian faith. When our children are small, we dress them in jerseys and teach them to join us on the couch for the “big game.” We teach them about field positions, top players, strategy, who to root for and who to boo. We discuss and debate and learn and grow in sports appreciation. And as our children grow, they “own” their own version of fanaticism for the team. They root for the family team, they debate with their friends, decide which strategies and players they like best. Isn’t this how it should be with Christianity? When they are young we nurture and teach, as they grow we dialogue, debate and discuss – all so that our children can go out into the world and “own” their faith.

  • How did working together as co-authors make this book better? What were some of the challenges? 

Davis: The strength in the book is absolutely rooted in the partnership and the hundreds of hours of conversations we’ve had about these words, orthodox theology, and the challenges of translation/communication. We aimed to put forth positions that were “clean” theologically, but also “clean” of connection to any particular political/social agenda. We both feel that this type of “noise” has been highly detrimental to the faith. 

Luchinger: Heather and I both have our specialties – or gifting – in the area of research and writing. We like to explain it this way: “Heather is the Poet, Leann is the Farmer.” I like to dig, and uncover, and mine for the original context and meaning of the words. The research drives me. Once I was satisfied that I had a strong sense of a word, or at least a good notion of how thoughtful theologians were unpacking the meaning, I would send my research to Heather and we would dialogue about threads and directions. Sometimes when things got sticky, or I thought we’d lost our way, I would go back to research a bit more to see if I could find just the right theological explanation or phrase to help us out. It is interesting, every time we really got stuck or disagreed about direction, the chapters seemed to get better.

In Church Ministry, Missiology, Religion and Culture, Books Tags Loaded Words, Icktank, Heather Choate Davis, Leann Luchinger, Concordia Irvine, Hard Bible words, Words, translation, Exegesis, popular culture
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The Church's language problem

November 26, 2014

The church has a language problem.

No, it isn’t because pastors are swearing from the pulpit. The issue here is with words that lifelong Christians may understand, but many in the unchurched, dechurched or in-church-but-checked-out culture don’t.

Take for example a recent exchange on Twitter between Pope Francis and an atheist.

Pope Francis: Advent is a journey towards Bethlehem. May we let ourselves be drawn by the light of the God made man. 

Atheist: Ummm…I read this like 5 times. What in the world does it mean?!?! #Religion is #awkward. 

*Read the rest of the post on "the three ways the church can better communicate with culture." 

In Church Ministry, Religion and Culture, Missiology Tags Language, Redefine, Translate the message, C.S. Lewis, Loaded Words, Heather Choate Davis, Leann Luchinger, Pope Francis, Sacraments
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From Transaction to Transfiguration

November 6, 2014

If you're involved in ministry, in a professional or lay sense, this post is for you. 

In it, I take you from supermarkets to your inner spiritual life to illustrate the ways in which we can move from a ministry defined by cold exchange to deep change, both for us and those we come in contact with. 

So read on, contemplate, connect and begin on a "trajectory of transfiguration."

*Read the post at FiveTwo.com 

In Missiology, Church Ministry Tags FiveTwo, Five Two, sacramental, Sacramental ministry, sacramental entrepreneurs, Transactional ministry, Transformational ministry, Claude Nikondeha, Desmond Tutu, Transfiguration
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I'm going to Israel, you should come too!

November 4, 2014

Pilgrimage. History. Oath. The food. Solidarity. The sights. Adventure. Religious intimations. 

There are may reasons that people embark on a journey to "the Holy Land" — to Israel. There are also many reasons that people do not — danger, conflict, persecution. 

I am going to Israel, Palestine, and Jordan, from May 22 - June 3, 2015 and I want you to come with me. For me, it is an opportunity to travel with friends (new and old) and combine a tour experience with biblical education, devotional moments, and pertinent discussions about conflict and peace.

Israel and various sites in Palestine are holy to many, There are multiple motivations and many ways in which Jews, Muslims, Christians, and secular individuals hold the land, the monuments, and the culture in honor. 

For Christians in particular, it is an honor and opportunity to step into the land of Scripture and see, touch, taste, and hear the environment from which their faith emerged and which, in many ways, continues to shape their religion today. 

Educon Travel provides you with the opportunity to experience the cultures, art and history of the world in the most dynamic and inspirational ways imaginable. The trips are sometimes called pilgrimages, others call them faith-based tours, still others call them Bible tours or Christian tours. Regardless what title one gives them, however, their tours give you an inspirational, life-experience you’ll never forget! 

This tour is particularly exciting for me, as I get to take part in the teaching and devotions and explore the land, its people, and culture with folks like you. 

So, what are the details? Here is our TOUR SUMMARY:

While I can't promise Rhys Davies, Sean Connery, and Harrison Ford will, or will not, be on this trip you can't risk not being able to hang with these dudes on a horse in front of the treasury at Petra, Jordan. Just sayin'

  • Days 1-5 Starting out from Tel Aviv, we’ll visit Jaffa, where St. Peter raised Tabitha from the dead, and Mt. Carmel, where Elijah challenged the false prophets. We’ll go to Megiddo, Jezreel and Nazareth, and we’ll celebrate the institution of marriage in Cana. We’ll visit Mt. of Beatitudes along with the other great sites of Jesus’ ministry in Galilee. We’ll also explore Mt. Transfiguration, Tel Dan and Caesarea Philippi too. 
  • Days 6-7 On our way to Jordan we’ll see the great Old Testament sites, Jericho and Beit She’an. In Jordan, we’ll celebrate God’s grace in baptism at Bethany-Beyond-the-Jordan, where Jesus was baptized, and explore Mt. Nebo, where Moses saw the Promised Land. Before returning to Israel, we'll explore the ruins of Petra (think Indiana Jones).
  • Days 8-12 Nearing Jerusalem we’ll visit the fortress of Masada, and we’ll also explore Qumran, where the Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered. With Jerusalem as our base we’ll explore the Old City, walking the Via Dolorosa, for example. We’ll also visit the sites around the Old City, like Mt. of Olives and City of David. In addition, we’ll visit the Holocaust Museum and the Shrine of the Book, where the Dead Sea Scrolls are displayed. We’ll have a day trip to Hebron, home of the tombs of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, and we’ll also visit our Lord’s birthplace, Bethlehem. 
  • Day 13 You’ll fly home with your heart and mind full of memories or continue with the Sinai Extension! 

Unique highlights of this trip include:

  • An experienced tour guide and educator, Dr. Paul Steinbart from Hosanna Lutheran Church in Mesa, AZ and professor at Arizona State University
  • Rev. Paul Frank and Rev. Ken Chitwood (that's me!) leading conversations, Bible studies and devotions.
  • Elizabeth Chitwood (that's my wife!) leading music
  • Discussion of archeological, historical, and cultural context for the sites we are visiting
  • An opportunity to participate in an archeological dig
  • Addressing pertinent issues in the Holy Land and benefiting the local economy through tourism
  • A booklet put together by Dr. Steinbart, Rev. Frank, and Rev. Chitwood that is yours to keep, and refer to, for a lifetime
  • Wedding vow renewal at Cana & baptism remembrance at "Bethany-beyond-the-Jordan."
  • Comfortable, and unique, accommodations (we're staying in a castle...seriously)
  • Fantastic food 
  •  A really FUN group of people to travel with (c'mon, we'll make it tons of fun). 

Get it. 

Despite the obvious, and awesome, benefits of going on such a trip, some are still concerned about safety, especially given recent conflict during Summer 2014. Others may feel that tourism reenforces oppression or supports terrorism and/or apartheid. Ultimately, considering these apprehensions, whether or not to go is an individual decision, but I rest assured that traveling to Israel and Jordan is both safe and advantageous. HERE is a link to a great article on safety, which included this critical outlook: 

“ultimately it is as safe as ever to travel in Israel and the situation in the south of the country is not affecting tourists who are traveling in the country.”
— The Jewish Voice

Furthermore, if you want to explore issues concerning the Middle East and conflict between Arabs, Palestinians, Israelis, Christians, Jews, Muslims, etc. one of the best ways to do this is to visit the area, talk to locals, and engage in dialogue as a group to discuss the poignant issues from a perspective of participation and observation on-the-ground. 

As a backpacker traveling in the area over the summer shared:

“While you should stay open to developments of the conflict, travel in Israel is still safe. It’s important to remember that the main tourist areas are away from Gaza, where this current conflict is taking place (and where any travel in close proximity is prohibited). You may come across very small incidents or have to follow the protocol of sirens, but you should not be put off travelling there. Travel in Israel and in the West Bank is also an opportunity to better understand this conflict from both sides – and that alone is invaluable.”
— Becki Enright

As I said, there are many worthwhile reasons you may want to come on this trip. I pray you will thoughtfully consider joining me, and others, on this trip in May to make the most out of our time together and add to those who are already signed up and ready to go! 

*To learn more about the trip and its cost, visit Educon Travel.

*To talk to me about the trip and its details, use the Contact Form.

In Church Ministry Tags Israel, Israel 2015, Holy Land Tour 2015, Paul Steinbart, Rev. Paul Frank, Ken Chitwood, Elizabeth Chitwood, Educon Travel, Pilgrimage, Is it safe to travel to Israel?
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Five Steps for a Friendly Christian Encounter with Other Religions

October 28, 2014

You have your Hindu coworker, your Mormon neighbor, and your agnostic nephew. There is a new mosque in town, a Sikh gurudwara in your strip mall, and a Christian Science reading room just around the corner. If you’re honest, it freaks you out.

What is a faithful Christian posture amidst such plurality? Do we engage in aggressive apologetics or pugnacious polemics? Do we protest the building of the mosque or drop tracts at the temple? Are we supposed to retreat into our sanctuaries and, like an ostrich, stick our head in the sands? No, none of this will do.

What I propose is a friendly encounter, a hospitable engagement, with our pluralistic neighbors. Below is a five-step approach for you and your congregation to consider...

*View the post HERE at LCEF's Leader-to-Leader blog

In Missiology, Church Ministry, Religion Tags Outreach, Theology of Religions, Pluralism, Witness, Friendships, Sacred Duty, Hospitality, Worldview, World religions
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Applying the Golden Circle to your Ministry

October 9, 2014

What if great organizations succeed by first attending to WHY they exist, then HOW they go about their mission, and then finally, WHAT they do to accomplish that mission? What if your product didn't matter as much the purpose and process behind it? It may sound like common sense, but what if you took this idea and applied it to the church? Does your ministry's music style matter? What about your website? Is the product the point or does something deeper draw people to dive in?

*Follow @Kchitwood on Twitter

In this post, I talk about Simon Sinek's "Golden Circle" proposal and how it explains that Apple Computers succeeds not because it produces the best tech product, but because it inspires consumers to buy into their story, their meta-narrative, their “why.” So goes the story with the Wright brothers who had zero funding and zip notoriety. Their competitor was the affluent newsmaker Samuel Langley. The Wright brothers beat Langley to be first in flight not because of what they had or how they did it, but because they had the belief, the creed, of the promise of flight.

How does this apply to your ministry? Click here to read more at FiveTwo.com

In Church Ministry, Missiology Tags FiveTwo, Golden Circle, Simon Sinek, Purpose, Product, Process, Why, How, What
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Why "world religion Bible studies" are awful

September 30, 2014

The U.S. is suffering from a case of multi-generational and multi-cultural  religious illiteracy —what Stephen Prothero calls, “religious amnesia.” The United States, in spite of its established secularism, is a thoroughly pluralistic nation with robust expressions of myriad world religions everywhere from the wheat fields of Iowa to the buckled asphalt of Los Angeles. Yet, we are simultaneously “a nation of religious illiterates” who flunk the most basic of quizzes on religion — even our own. It seems, “[m]ost Americans remain far more committed to respecting other religions than learning about them.” 

To the rescue come "world religion Bible studies" that attempt to help Christians navigate their world's stunning religious pluralism.  The problem is, most "world religion Bible studies" are terrible. 

While most of the leaders of these studies start with the intention to help their parishioners learn more about the world's religions, the way they go about it usually leads to nominally increased religious literacy. Even worse, these studies often exacerbate pre-existing prejudices or presuppositions about studied worldviews. 

Granted, not all world religion studies are horrible, but many I've been to, or heard of (and, admittedly, some of the ones I've taught), were dreadful. While I confess that I'm a culprit of creating crappy curriculums for a "world religion Bible study" or two, I humbly suggest that I have learned the error of my ways (mostly) and want to propose some strategies to remedy the oversights of well-meaning pastors and educators.

*For more on religion and culture, follow @kchitwood

So, below are THREE REASONS WHY WORLD RELIGION BIBLE STUDIES SUCK and a few accompanying action points to make them better:   

1) Unschooled teachers 

The number one issue with the vast majority of these studies is those who are teaching don't know much about the world's religions in the first place. Furthermore, they are not in the least bit trained in how to properly engage in religious studies, which is a topic altogether distinct from the task of theology.

While teaching can be a wonderful way to learn, we should not feign being an expert when we really have not spent the time to gain expertise in one religion other than ours, let alone multiple world religions. And do not, for a moment, think that because you read one book, watched a movie, or visited a temple that this makes you an expert on Buddhism, Islam, Scientology, etc.

This is the cover of a book I wrote on "twenty major world religions" in New Zealand. It isn't the best, but what was great about it was that I submitted every chapter to a practitioner of that respective belief system. They corrected much of what I got wrong and provided deep insight into how to (re)present religion. 

Admittedly, several pastors confessed to me that they do not know much about the world's religions, but decide to teach on them anyways because, "my parishioners are asking me to." Granted, you, as a pastor or teacher, are in a tough place when people ask you to lead a study in an area you feel you know little about. I feel for you. But then there are other pastors who took one class on world religions, watched one documentary, or read one book and decide, "My people need to know this!" and like a crusader gallivanting off to slay the pagan hordes they announce a study to equip their congregants for the spiritual battle at hand. #Facepalm. Maybe you are the former, maybe you're the latter. Either way, you aren't an expert — I implore you to stop acting like one. 

Nonetheless, I feel for you. The problem is that we pastors and teachers are expected to be weekly experts on a wide variety of topics. Every Sunday a pastor is meant to churn out a sermon wherein he/she expounds on a relevant topic from a deep knowledge of the biblical text. People listen to the pastor as if he/she is an authority on the given topic (marriage, parenting, politics, etc.). While most pastors (certainly not all) are adept at interpreting Scripture, they are not mavens in every field. It's unfair to expect them to be an expert on everything — especially religions they were not trained in. Too often we pressure them to act as if they are. Likewise, teachers and educators are expected to cover a broad range of topics week-in and week-out, even if their knowledge on some of these topics is exhausted within the confines of the text they use to teach. This problem becomes paramount in teaching on world religions.

With untrained teachers and unqualified pastors diving head first into a study where they are presumed to be specialists, but are effectively faking even basic facility, what most world religion Bible studies become are cesspools of collective religious ignorance not classrooms prepped for increased religious literacy. 

Sometimes, in an effort to sidestep an educator's insufficiency for the task, an ex-member testimony is favored. Oh Lord have mercy, this is even worse. Certainly, ex-members have a voice to bring to the table and their perspective is a valuable one to appreciate in our study of religion. But it is only one voice and an extremely biased one at that. Ex-members are ex-members for a reason. While they may not "have an axe to grind" they will most definitely present a prejudiced perspective on a religion they now eschew. 

Imagine this -- an atheist meet-up group wants to learn more about Christianity. To do so, they bring in a former evangelical who no longer believes in God to talk about their former faith. Would you, as a Christian, say that the atheists in that group necessarily got a fair picture of Christianity? Would you want them to perhaps balance out their learning with some supplementary teaching or a current member's testimony? If not, you should. Relying on ex-member testimonies or teaching is a sure way to get a skewed impression of a world religion.

So, how do we fix this? Three ways:  

The fix: Get an education. Take a class, keep reading, enroll in a master's program. Become the expert you are pretending to be. Even a few classes on one religion will equip you to better teach that topic. However, do not think that taking one intro class on world religions or reading one book is enough. Dive deep into one religion before you endeavor to teach it. Enjoy that process? Keep going deeper or expand your knowledge to include other religions. Repeat as necessary.

The fix: Study in the presence, or even under, the "religious other." While I do not like the fertile terrain for prejudice that "othering" a people group creates, the reality is that most Christians feel that Muslims and Mormons, Jews, Jains, and Jedis are "the religious other." They feel uncomfortable talking about these other faiths in the presence of "the other" (cue creepy sci-fi music here). So, they round up the wagons, close the parish hall doors, and "study" them from the safety of their own sanctuaries. As an educator, your task is to bust those doors down and make the learning environment an uncomfortable one. Bring in a Muslim to team-teach on Islam, invite an atheist to present their non-religious ways, visit a local mosque, temple, or place of worship to engage in experiential education, make your study public, or at the very least ask a Buddhist to sit in on your teaching to call you out or offer further food for thought. Yeah, it will be awkward, unsettling, and a bit "weird," but that's a good thing. In that environment learning is probably going to take place on all sides. 

The fix: Bring in the experts. f all else fails, ask the experts. Bring in a local professor or your denomination's resident religious scholar, anthropologist, or sociologist. As mentioned before, bring in a Buddhist monk to share their practice, an imam to elucidate their beliefs, etc. Shameless plug: invite me to come and speak. While I can't speak to EVERY religion with expertise, I can at least point you in the right direction or start you off with the right tools/perspective. 

2) The category of "world religions" is problematic anyways

Even if a pastor/teacher is schooled in the ways of the world's religions, what is a "world religion?" Most studies pick out a few heavy hitters among the sundry spiritualities that are held and practiced around the globe. There are some usual suspects that pop up in almost every world religion study. Here's an example from the table of contents of a self-titled "world religion Bible study" curriculum: Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Confucianism, Bahai Faith, Spirit Religions, Atheism, New Age Movement, and others. This is a generous list. Another "world religion" study I saw recently (at a Lutheran church) sought to teach the following: Catholicism, Islam, Anglicanism, Pentecostalism, Buddhism.... Yikes. 

This was a fun study that we did at a local brewery in Houston, Texas. While I taught this one solo, I had people who were Christian, agnostic, atheist, "spiritual, but not religious," Confucian, and Buddhist come to the study. They called me out when I needed it. And then we had a beer together, so it was all cool. 

The issue here is that these lists, and most other scopes and sequences of world religions studies make three mistakes: 1) ignore religions and spiritualities on the periphery (e.g. Sikhism, Yoruba, Juche, etc.); 2) lump together multiple world views and practiced spiritualities into general categories that obfuscate more than they educate ("Spirit religions" covers a wide, diverse, range of religions/spiritualities ranging from indigenous religion to hybrid spiritualities, New Age and "others" is necessarily ambiguous, and "Islam" and "Hinduism" obscure realities that exist in the margins); 3) make divisions where they need not do so (is a "world religions" class the proper place to present the differences between Catholics and Lutherans?). 

*For more on religion and culture, follow @kchitwood

These categories, meant to help simplify the study or book (however well-meaning they are) betray a dangerous unsophistication when it comes to apperceiving and appreciating the wild diversity of religious beliefs and spiritual practice around the world. 

The fix: Teach the tools. For years, the archetypal format of religious studies tended to place different religious traditions, typically those deemed to be “the world’s ‘great’ religions,” in their respective silos and investigate them each according to some prescribed rubric based on the author’s own definition of religion. This pedagogical approach tended to dissociate individual traditions from the study of religion as a whole and, even, from the students themselves. Since, as authors George D. Chryssides and Ron Geaves noted, students “rarely come to study religion because they wish to be neutral social scientists or simply to describe religious belief and practice more accurately,” this method bequeaths a superficial knowledge of religion at best and exacerbated stereotypes of the spiritual at its worst. Hence, I suggest an initial approach that involves considering what it means, and looks like, to study religion from a disciplined, self-reflective, point of view rather than a theological one. In lieu of teaching the religions themselves, teach how to study religion in the first place. Teach how to ask questions, be a participant-observer, etc. The rules that apply to training apply here too. If you don't feel comfortable as a religious student, bring someone in who is. 

3) Straw man studies

Now, if untrained leaders and unrefined categories are bad, this problem is the Satan-of-world-religion-studies incarnate. 

I get what the leader of these studies is trying to do: help their flock better understand other religions so that they can witness to their neighbor, coworker, family member, or friend. Typically, the end game of these studies is to help the Christian better evangelize someone of another faith. 

Putting the issues of hegemony, colonialism, and arrogance involved in discussions of Christian mission and evangelism aside for a moment, such an approach in a world religion Bible study is bad for the simple reason that in the rush to get to "what's wrong with this religion" that we usually end up skipping over "what this religion is" in the first place. 

We either misapprehend, or misrepresent, world religions by presenting a "straw man" form of the faith  (a hollow, or sham, version of the worldview that is easily defeated in an artificial argument without "the other" present) or do so by seeking first to pinpoint error rather than attempting first to understand. 

This shot is from an event called, "Interview with an atheist," in which I invited two local, prominent, non-believers to share their story in front of a Christian audience. We then had a Q&A session that was uncomfortable, challenging, and wonderful in every way. It was not a debate. It was not a "bash the atheist/Christian" fest. It was a charitable dialogue, and everyone walked away changed. 

Sabine MacCormack in her book Religion in the Andes: Vision and Imagination in Colonial Peru shared how missionaries in colonial Peru set out to comprehend Incan religion as it was practiced in both in the centers of power (i.e. Cusco) and in the rural Andes. In their accounts, they made two fatal mistakes: 1) by setting out with the primary purpose of extirpating (destroying) these beliefs and practices and 2) interpreting these religions through their own spiritual lenses. These approaches meant that the missionaries completely misinterpreted the religion as it was presented to them. They misconstrued myths, received a false impression about beliefs, and misread rituals.  All the while, the Andean beliefs and practices survived and even thrived, whether under the guise of Catholicism or out in the open, and often with greater emphasis than before. Setting out to eradicate the religion of the Andes, the missionaries misunderstood it completely. Too often, world religion Bible studies do the same. 

The fix: Study in the presence, or even with, the "religious other." Again, there is nothing better for our mutual learning and understanding than having a Muslim present when you teach on Islam. Give permission for them to correct you where they think you are wrong. Maybe you're not and they just don't like the way you put it. But, maybe you are. Have the guts to have a practitioner of the faith you are studying call you out. Assume insiders are the experts, you would expect the same from someone studying Christianity. Your study will be MUCH BETTER because of it. 

The fix: Seek understanding and relationship. The primary goal of your study should be understanding and bridge building, not apologetics or polemic. Before you call the heresy police, hear me out. While we often see our friendships with people of other faith as a means to an end, I am proposing that we see the relationships as ends unto themselves. Part of God's grand plan is a restoring of what was lost in our fall from grace. Part of Christ's redemptive work is to bring together that which was torn asunder. Understanding other religions, and building relationships with "the religious other," is part and parcel to the resurrective, restorative, and recreative kingdom of Jesus -- to bring unity and fellowship where there was disharmony and division. This does not mean forsaking witness, but it does mean not orsaking friendship for the sake of witness. Witness to the worldview, sure. Share your faith, certainly. But the friendship must endure, the understanding must be the primary goal, and the first step in evangelizing needs to be shutting our mouths, and opening our ears, to listen and learn.

*Was this post helpful? Hurtful? Have a suggestion? Want to accuse me of heresy or worse? This blog is meant to be a provocation toward deeper understanding. It's a beginning. There will certainly be revisions in my own thought -- additions, subtractions, and perhaps a crumpling of the entire project and a total re-write before we can, together, build a “strong, benevolent Christianity” (a la Brian McLaren) that can successfully engage other religions, spiritualities, and worldviews in a context defined by religious pluralism. So, please share your thoughts with me below or via e-mail. 

*For more on religion and culture, follow @kchitwood

 

In Church Ministry, Missiology, Religion, Religious Literacy, Religious Studies Tags World religions, Bible study, Religious literacy, Stephen Prothero, Brian McLaren, Interview with an atheist, Ken Chitwood, Religious studies
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"Why do Westerners join ISIS?" Featured at Sojourners

September 29, 2014

Over the weekend, my post "The lonely jihadi: Why do Westerners join ISIS?" was featured on the Sojourner's 'God's Politics' blog.

Sojourner's magazine is a progressive publication of the social justice organization Sojourners, founded by current editor Jim Wallis who is active in bringing faith to light on issues of racial and social justice, life and peace, and environmental stewardship. 

*For more on religion and culture, follow @kchitwood.

It was an honor to write for their online portal and I amended my original post to include a section on how Christian congregations and individuals can "combat" ISIS. While there is much to be said about the essentializing, and perhaps racially tinged, "multi-cultural" viewpoint that I espouse (casting "Muslims" as a community bloc or single identity given so much internal diversity) I still believe that a program of positive, multifaceted, integration on the public and private levels is the way forward in dealing with extremism and isolated individuals who join radical, violent, causes. This integration is not assimilation as such, but a bridge building and re-construction of what it means to be American (or European) in light of Muslim belief and practice. It is a two-way street, but one which non-Muslims (who too often cast Muslims in a solely negative light) bear the prime responsibility to cross. This is not because Muslims are incapable of making inroads toward integration, but the onus is on those of us who tend to push them to the margins in the first place. 

Anyways, check out the blog and react to my paragraph about pro-active Christian initiatives to integrate the isolated Muslim who tends to join groups like ISIS: 

Christians can be engaged at both the personal and congregational level. It begins with paying attention and recognizing the Muslim communities and individual Muslim families in your neighborhood and community; then, the impetus to find, and form, appropriate and respectful relationships. Once a friendship is established, take the time to listen, learn, and value their Islamic faith and practice. This friendship is best established, and nourished, through dining together, dialogue events, and interfaith community projects. These friendly encounters will not only build new bridges between Muslims and Christians, but also integrate isolated Muslims into the fold of their new communities making a home for them beyond the boundaries of religion and ethnicity.

These types of efforts, more than bombs and bombastic rhetoric, are how we can combat the lonely jihadi and make a significant contribution to peace in the Middle East, and indeed, across the globe.

In Church Ministry, Religion and Culture, Religion News Tags Sojourners, Jim Wallis, ISIS, Iraq, Syria, ISIL, Al-Dawla Al-Islamiya, Christian left, God's Politics, Why do Westerners join ISIS?, Why do people join ISIS?, Integration, Multiculturalism, neo-Orientalism, Orientalism, Muslims, integration
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Three things the Church can do to work with Millennials

September 23, 2014

A couple weeks ago I wrote a piece for Lutheran Church Extension Fund's (LCEF) Leader-to-leader blog called, "Confessions of a Millennial church curmudgeon." It got picked up by OnFaith, formerly a Washington Post publication and now a branch of FaithStreet. 

I'm honored to have it re-worked and re-posted there. Check it out HERE. 

In Religion and Culture, Church Ministry Tags Millennial, craft beer, church, ministry to millennials, curmudgeon, cortado, Washington Post, OnFaith, FaithStreet, LCEF, Ken Chitwood
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Why our preaching should be more like a sitcom

September 18, 2014

“That’s like me blaming owls for how bad I suck at analogies.” – Britta, from Community (TV series)

Community is a TV show following a group of students and professors at a community college in the fictional town of Greendale, Colorado. The show is a treasure trove of pop-culture references, playing off tropes in film and television, showcasing a willingness to make fun of itself and pile jokes upon jokes in a single episode for one crescendo of a punch line (called “meta-humor”).

It’s a critically acclaimed show and its creator Dan Harmon combines density and depth with relevant humor to craft a compelling story. In Community, he is able to impressively construct compact narratives for multiple characters in a single 22-minute episode and make everyone laugh as he weaves his tale. He is a genius storyteller.

This is exactly what our preaching style should be like.

*Read the entire piece at FiveTwo.com

In Church Ministry Tags Preaching, Harmon, Exegesis, FiveTwo, Community, TV show, Story arc
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Confession of a Millennial Church Curmudgeon

September 17, 2014

I confess, I’m a Millennial church curmudgeon.

Of course, the stereotypical image of a “church curmudgeon” is the bad tempered elderly man, arms crossed, complaining about how the music is too loud and the pews too soft.

And then there’s me. Donning a bow tie and skinny jeans, with dark-rimmed glasses and a pair of loafers, I strut into your church with one mission — to judge you and your ministry. I’ll nit pick your artwork, or lack thereof. I’ll chastise you for not having online giving and pontificate to my friends over brunch how your church is from the Stone Age because your website isn’t up-to-date. And, fair warning, if your slides are just one second off…sorry, but that’s tantamount to undoing the work of the cross.

*Read more at LCEF's Leader-to-Leader Blog

In Church Ministry Tags LCEF, Millennial, Church, Leadership, Mentorship, Mentoring, Mentoring Millennials, Elders
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Ten Novels Every U.S. Christian Should Read

September 4, 2014

People are into books right now. That's #Awesome. There is, in the wake of the #IceBucketChallenge, a "list your top ten most influential/favorite books" #bookchallenge floating around social media (e.g. Facebook) right now. There are blogs, like Justin Taylor's "Between Two Worlds" at The Gospel Coalition, that are running a series on "novels every Christian should consider reading." As a bibliophile, I'm all for it. O masses, read on!

“The more you read, the more things you will know. The more that you learn, the more places you’ll go.”
— Dr. Seuss

So, mixing Justin Taylor's "novels every Christian should consider reading" with the "top ten influential books" list I put forward my, "Top Ten List of Novels that every U.S. (and, to be honest, specifically white, middle class) Christian Should Read." 

Why this list? 

Our top ten lists and choices of novels often reinforce our own philosophies and voices. This isn't horrible per se, but when we only we read what we like or what confirms our biases we are never challenged to think beyond our current worldview. That can be dangerous. One of my favorite aspects of the top ten lists people are posting on Facebook is that many of the novels they list came from their high school or college reading lists. There's a reason for this, someone told you to read this book because they thought it might challenge you.  At its best, literature cracks us open, challenges us, and provokes us to discover and be confronted by strange new worlds or by deconstructing comfortable, familiar ones.

Therefore, This list is predominated by what some call "subaltern" voices, or "the little voices of history." These voices are post-colonial and come from often marginalized authors or, at the least, are written from their perspective. Basically, this list  presents pieces of fiction that should shake up and disturb comfortable, middle-class, suburban, caucasian, Christians...not to mention many others. We need this if we wish to continue to interact with the new power centers of Christianity in the "the Global South" (Africa, Asia, and Latin America). We have to face that we are not the hegemonic power we once were and deconstruct our neocolonial thought patterns, ministry actions, academic exercises, methodologies, and mission emphases -- no matter how well intentioned. These novels will help us to see from this perspective, albeit limitedly. They are meant to humble us. 

TEN NOVELS EVERY U.S. CHRISTIAN SHOULD READ:

1. Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison -- This is the story of a young, naïve African-American man in the U.S. South who explores his own black identity and racism through experiences in college, with the Communist Party, through riots, and under the streets of Harlem. There, in darkness and solitude he finally begins to understand himself -- his invisibility, and his identity.  Why read it? Invisible Man challenges us to consider marginal, invisible, voices and confronts us to consider stereotypes, racism, and subjugating and radicalizing social forces in the U.S. No surprise, I read it in a high school literature class. Thanks Mrs. Kelly. 

2. The Good Earth by Pearl S. Buck -- Told in traditional Chinese narrative style and written by the daughter of missionaries, this story amplifies traditional family life in a Chinese village before World War I. It follows the fortunes and pitfalls of a rural farmer and the slave of an opium-soaked merchant household who eventually come to own all they worked hard for. Why read it? This book has it all, exploring women's rights, family dynamics, class conflict, spiritual struggle, moral dilemmas, simplicity versus complexity and the pressures of the modern world. 

3. The Poisonwood Bible by Barbara Kingsolver -- The Price family, missionaries from Georgia, head to the jungle of Africa to convert the masses. Only, it isn't that easy. Confronted with culture shock, mosquitos, snakes, political upheavals, malaria, and their own metaphysical conundrums and shocking family dynamics the experience breaks them apart -- physically, mentally, and spiritually. Why read it? If I taught a course on world missions, this book would be required. Themes of forgiveness, cultural hegemony, culture shock, colonialism, racism, and more are all packed into this little bundle of heart-wrenching reading. You won't like this book, but you will most certainly love it.  

4. That Hideous Strength by C.S. Lewis -- A dystopian novel that wraps up Lewis' "Space Trilogy," That Hideous Strength features the battle between a sinister pseudo-scientific institute, the N.I.C.E., that plans to take over the world and is backed by demonic forces. Why read it? Ok, so this isn't a subaltern novel and it features Roman, Christian, and British philosophy and tropes, BUT it's still worth a read as it challenges our 21st-century's emphasis on scientific salvation, the divorcing of body and soul, and our tendency to permit Normal Nihilism in everyday life. 

5. Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad -- Heart of Darkness follows one man's hellish journey into the interior of Africa where he encounters corruption, brutality, hate, violence, and colonial hegemony at its most capitalistic and manipulative worst. Why read it? While this book should be read hand-in-hand with a transcript of Chinua Achebe's "An Image of Africa," (or, for that matter, his tomic novel Things Fall Apart) the story still stands alone as a Gordian expedition into what constitutes the forced binary between 'barbarian' and 'civilized,' attitudes on colonialism, and imperial racism. Plus, the character of Katz is super mysterious. 

6. We Need New Names by NoViolet Bulawayo -- Oh sweet cream, this book is so good. It is a coming-of-age story of Darling, a Zimbabwean girl, who navigates her fragile and shifting world first as a ten year old in her home country and later as a teenager in the Midwest of the U.S. Why read it? Exploring themes of family, immigration, and cultural memory this book captures,  "the uneasiness that accompanies a newcomer’s arrival in America, [and] illuminate[s] how the reinvention of the self in a new place confronts the protective memory of the way things were back home." (NYTimes' Uzodinma Iweala)

7. Midnight's Children by Salman Rushdie -- Mixing magic and mundane realism, Rushdie invites the reader into India during the period of transition from British colonialism to Indian independence in order to open us up to how Western ideals have shaped, for good and ill, modern India. Why read it? This is quintessential post-colonial lit.. Using Hindu gods and magical realism, Rushdie speaks to the creative and destructive forces at work in the world and which seep into the unequal power relations between imperial forces and colonial minions, between East and West, and how this world is still shaped by centuries of colonial dominion. 

8. Cat's Cradle by Kurt Vonnegut -- John, who goes by Jonah, is researching a book on what elite Americans were doing the day the atomic bomb hit Hiroshima on the island of San Lorenzo -- a quaint little dictatorship in the Caribbean. Unbeknownst to him as he sets off, this research will lead him to meet a fated group of people, come across the religion of Bokononism, and, unfortunately usher in the end of the world. Why read it? Because it's Kurt F***in' Vonnegut, that's why. Ever since I read "Harrison Bergeron" and that changed my life (thanks again, Mrs. Kelly), I can't get enough of this curse-laden, dystopic, short-story, satirical mad man. But this book in particular really gets me. It's a novella about human stupidity and its many manifestations in the realms of politics, sexuality, cultural elitism, capitalism, and religion. If you read it and don't like it, that probably means you understood it. 

9. The Bone People by Keri Hulme -- Technically a story about love, but also one about a woman locked away in a tower (go figure) the plot follows Kerewin Holmes, who is half Māori, half European (Pākehā), and her love interest and his son. Why read it? My best suggestion is to get drunk on New Zealand literature. Seriously, that place is stock-full of scintillating novels, poetry, and philosophy. Plus, their indigenous debates (between Māori and Pākehā) are some of the most robust, and constructive, in the world. Specifically, this book paints a picture of reconciliation between indigenous and Eurocentric powers that not only critiques colonial hegemony, but offers a pathway for both Māori and Pākehā to work together to achieve healing and unity for the future. 

10. One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel García Márquez -- Another magical realist novel, this is the saga of seven generations of the Buendía family in Macondo in Latin America. There are massacres, marriages, major corporations, misfortunes, and migrations. It's the story of Latin American history centering around one family and one city.  Why read it? It's dense, convoluted, and puzzling prose. Did I sell you yet? Every sentence, comma, and page turn mean something in this book. So it's not only an exercise in how to read a book, but it also initiates the reader into the soul, passion, and dashed dreams of many Latin Americans who fear that colonialism and corruption have fated them to a repeated history of could-have-been glory, lost love, and decay. 

*Honorable Mention: Faceless Killers by Henning Mankell -- The first story in the Wallander detective series, the plot follows the bleak, cold, investigation of a bloody murder of two farmers in the countryside. The only clue to the brutal crime? The attackers may be 'foreign.' When this leaks out, racial hatred is unleashed. Why read it? A) It's entertaining. B) It's going to make you question whether you're a racist or not...and you probably are. But, as one of the characters says, what really counts, "is what you do with [your racism]." 

This is my list. I could add more, I could change it up. For now, this is what it is. What would you add? What is your list? What are your thoughts? Share with me on the blog, via Facebook, or on Twitter with the hashtag #BookChallenge. 

In Religion and Culture, Missiology, Church Ministry Tags Ice Bucket Challenge, BookChallenge, Gospel Coalition, Books every Christian should read, Dr. Seuss, Justin Taylor, Invisible Man, Ralph Ellison, The Good Earth, Pearl S. Buck, The Poisonwood Bible, Barbara Kingsolver, That Hideous Strength, C.S. Lewis, Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad, Chinua Achebe, Things Fall Apart, post-colonial, subaltern voices, We Need New Names, NoViolet Bulawayo, Midnight's Children, Salman Rushdie, Cat's Cradle, Kurt Vonnegut, Harrison Bergeron, The Bone People, Keri Hulme, One Hundred Years of Solitude, Gabriel García Márquez
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Photo: LCEF Leader-to-Leader

Don't leave your church

August 12, 2014

I’m serious. If you’re thinking about it, don’t leave your church.

I know, I know. You have your reasons. There’s a new pastor; they stopped playing your favorite song; the vote didn’t go your way in the last congregational meeting; you don’t like so-and-so and now they’re president of the executive board.

I get it. It sucks. Now, take a deep breath…get over yourself and don’t leave your church. 

Here's why...

*Read more of my guest post at LCEF's Leader-to-Leader Blog. 

In Church Ministry Tags LCEF, Church, Church shopping, Religious marketplace, Religion, Spirituality
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